Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition, affecting around 8 to 13% of women of reproductive age. Many women aren't diagnosed for years, often because the signs are put down to stress, weight or "just how my periods are".
Common signs
- Irregular, infrequent or absent periods
- Excess hair growth on the face, chest or tummy
- Acne that persists into adulthood
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Weight gain, or finding it hard to lose weight
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Low mood or anxiety, which are more common with PCOS
How PCOS is diagnosed
There's no single test. Under the international evidence-based guideline, PCOS is usually diagnosed in adults when two of these three are present, after other causes are ruled out:
- Irregular or absent ovulation, usually shown by irregular periods
- Signs of higher androgen ("male hormone") levels, such as excess hair or acne, or raised levels on a blood test
- Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, or a raised AMH blood test in adults
In teenagers, diagnosis is approached more carefully, as irregular periods are common in the first few years after periods start.
Why it matters
PCOS is about more than periods. It's linked with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and blood pressure, sleep apnoea, and mood problems. Regular check-ups help pick these up early.
Management
Treatment is tailored to what matters most to you, whether that's regular periods, skin and hair symptoms, weight, mood or fertility. It may include lifestyle support, hormonal or non-hormonal treatments, regular health checks, and referral to a dietitian, psychologist, endocrinologist or fertility specialist when needed.
Want to talk it through? Dr Syed sees patients at The Doctors Hope Island, and Runaway Bay Medical & Dental.
Book online Women's health with Dr Syed →Common questions
How common is PCOS?
PCOS affects around 8 to 13% of women of reproductive age, and many aren't diagnosed for years.
Can a GP diagnose PCOS?
Yes. Your GP can assess your symptoms, arrange blood tests and an ultrasound if needed, and rule out other causes.
Can I get pregnant if I have PCOS?
Many women with PCOS do become pregnant, although some need support. Talk to your GP if you're planning a pregnancy.
Further reading: Jean Hailes for Women's Health · Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (PCOS guideline) · healthdirect Australia
This article is general information only and is not a substitute for advice about your own health. In an emergency, call 000.
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